Glossary of Terms. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Glossary 1.8 Friday, 20 January 2012 by TechJim
A database program from Microsoft. This can be purchased as a stand-alone or with MS Office.
Ada
This is a computer language developed specifically for Department Of Defense (DOD). Ada is the language for a complex world. The Ada programming language was designed for applications where correctness, safety, and reliability are prime goals. Designed to support modern software engineering principles, the current version of the language has been recently standardized (February 15, 1995). Ada is a strongly typed Object-Oriented Programming Language (OOPL) and includes features such as Multi-Threading, exception handling and support of programming-in-the-large through hierarchies of packages. It is intended to work well in a multi-language environment and has features to specifically support interfacing to other languages. Additionally, the Ada LRM (Language Reference Manual) defines a large number of standard, pre-defined packages. An overview of Ada is available from the Ada Information Clearinghouse (AdaIC).
Android
A Linux Operating System owned by Google. Mostly for cell phones and tablet computers.
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol. Used to find MAC addresses.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc826.htm
Address (Ethernet)
This is a hardware address. This is also referred to as a MAC address or physical address. The address is usually shown in six hexadecimal digits ranging from 00 to FF. Keep in mind it is still stored as zeros or ones internally. An example of an Ethernet address:
00:A3:A8:03:C1:03
or
00-A3-A8-03-C1-03
Address (IP address)
Not to be confused with the Ethernet address. This is usually seen and used as a name, such as: www.stic.net or something like this. But actually all addresses used on the network are numbers. For example an IP address looks like: 142.142.49.178 or 192.9.1.2. In fact all addresses are binary, but more on that later.
If you use text for the address such as www.stic.net then you are not actually addressing the connection directly. First your system must access a name server to find out what number address this translates into. Example: you want to connect to satexas.com. Try: telnet satexas.com. You will see something like trying to connect to 204.57.118.100. This is because the program went to the name server to get a number address for "satexas.com".
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AFCERT
Air Force Computer Emergency Response Team. This team at Kelly works with our network security and ASIM to find actual and potential security problems.
AFIN
Air Force Internet.
ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuit. This is an IC chip designed to do any application the designer wishes.
ASIM
Automatic Security Incident Measuring program. This is a program that monitors network traffic going off and on base.
Assembly Language
This is a about as low-level language as you can get and still compile it to machine code or machine language. Assembly allows for direct access to the processor. Each Assembly command does very little, so it can take a while to write an entire program in Assembly. Most programmers that use Assembly in their programs, use it only for specific purposes that a higher level language couldn't handle or handled it too slowly. Assembly also produces very fast programs.
http://www.eg3.com/assembly.htm
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Allows switched connections as opposed to routed. Generally much faster. Also allows for bandwidth on demand.
See Vines.
Basic
Basic is a high level language that was originally developed for beginner programmers. However, while still one of the easiest languages to learn, it has evolved from an interpreted language to a compiled language. At least for most purposes. Like many computer languages, there are a great deal of variations: Such as QBASIC, GW-Basic, and Power Basic to name a few. Basic programs are very portable from one to another.
The Basic Programming Language
Basic Electronics
Basic electronics is the basis for anything electronic such as computers, TVs, and radios.
http://www.clear.rice.edu/elec201/Book/basic_elec.html
Binary
A base two numbering system. This means you can only have 0 or 1 in any given place. Since computers only use mark and space, binary is used to represent computer logic. Although computers and networks seem to be very complex, they only understand binary. At any given memory location in a computer, there are eight bits. Each can be 0 or 1, no more.
On most networks, you can only have one bit on the line at one time. This bit can only be 0 or 1 (space or mark).
The count is: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111 etc...
http://www.cs.grinnell.edu/~rebelsky/Courses/CS152/97F/Readings/student-binary.html
BIOS
Basic Input/Output System. This is on all computers. This is what holds the configuration of your computer. This is what runs when you first turn the computer on.
Boot
Boot or Boot-up is handled by BIOS. When BIOS gets done checking out your system, it looks to see if you set something other than the hard drive to be boot disk. For example, you can boot from floppy disk or even from CD ROM.
Browser
A program used for "Surfing" the World Wide Web (WWW) on the Internet. There are quite a few browsers but some of the more well known are: Netscape, Mosaic, and Microsoft's Internet Explorer (for Windows 95). Browsers use Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) to transfer data to be displayed on the screen. Most browsers also support File Transfer Protocol (FTP) file transfers. Some browsers have functions that others don't support. For example, MS Internet Explorer supports background sounds and Scrolling text, while Netscape does not. On the other hand Netscape supports flashing text while MS Internet Explorer does not.
BYOD
Bring Your Own Device
A function oriented language. Has most of the benefits of high level language while having most of the power of assembly. C was first developed to run on UNIX machines. C is also very portable.
http://www.strath.ac.uk/CC/Courses/OldCcourse/CCourse.htm
C#
C Sharp is a programming language being developed by Microsoft. This is going to be a replacement C and C++.
C++
You could say that C++ is an object oriented language that has the entire C language as a subset. That is to say, C programs will run from a C++ compiler with little modifications if any.
http://uu-gna.mit.edu:8001/uu-gna/text/cc/index.htm
Cabletron
A company that makes hubs and Smart Switches.
CBT
Computer Based Training. This can mean anything computer based. Most newer CBTs are multimedia.
CC++
Is a parallel version of C++.
http://www.compbio.caltech.edu:80/ccpp/
Celeron
The Celeron family of processors from Intel will be an less expansive alternative to the Pentium II line. They should be compatible, but the Celeron chips will not perform as well as the Pentium.
http://www.intel.com/celeron/index.htm
Cisco
A company that makes mostly routers and Smart Switches.
CITS
Combat Information Transport System (CITS).
CMS
Cryptographic Message Syntax
CPU
Central Processing Unit. Sometimes called microprocessor. This is the brains of any computer. This is generally the only chip in the computer that does any real work.
http://einstein.et.tudelft.nl/~offerman/chiplist.htm#cpu
CRM
Customer Relationship Management, is a company-wide business strategy designed to reduce costs and increase profitability by solidifying customer loyalty.
This is our base 10 (0 to 9) counting system. One doesn't think to much about different numbering systems most of the time, but decimal is our normal system of counting.
DISC
Dren (Defense Research and Engineering Network) Inter-site Services Contract. This is the new DREN service. The service is provided by AT&T. We don't do any maintenance on this system. We don't lease any equipment. We only contract for service. If it breaks, we don't troubleshoot this at all. Any outages on DISC should be called out to the DISC helpdesk at
Disk
Magnetic media for data storage. The data can be user files, programs, or even the operating system. Most computers now have a hard disk, floppy, and at least one CD-Rom.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A protocol that provides a means to dynamically allocate IP addresses to computers on a local area network. The system administrator assigns a range of IP addresses to DHCP and each client computer on the LAN has its TCP/IP software configured to request an IP address from the DHCP server. The request and grant process uses a lease concept with a controllable time period. DHCP is defined in RFC 2131
DMS
Defense Message System. A replacement for AUTODIN.
http://198.116.62.5/dmsglosy.htm
DNS
Domain Name Service. Allows users to type in addresses such as www.stic.net to connect to specific IP addresses.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1912.htm
DOS
Disk Operating System. When people say DOS, they are usually referring to MS DOS. Or when talking about a DOS machine, they are usually talking about a machine with one of the following Intel microprocessors: 8086, 80286, 80386, 486, pentium, pentium pro, pentium MMX, etc....
http://pluto.njcc.com/~jgill/doshelp.htm
http://www.microsoft.com/support/products/windows95/MSDOS.htm
http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/dosindex.htm/
http://www.cof.orst.edu/net/platform/pc/dos/gs-2.htm
DREN
Defense Research and Engineering Network. The DoD High Performance Computing (HPC) Modernization Program plans to acquire network services to establish a Defense Research and Engineering Network (DREN). DREN (pronounced "dee-ren") will link scientists and engineers DoD-wide to DoD's HPC centers and to each other. Approximately four major DoD HPC resource centers are planned which will host a variety of HPC systems to fulfill mission-oriented R&D computation requirements and to facilitate development of new algorithms and procedures to support these requirements. There will also be a number of smaller centers within the DoD laboratories. Scientists and engineers nationwide will access these HPC resources from their local environments and team together on collaborative HPC-based research initiatives via DREN. Support of Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is planned.
http://www.arl.mil/HPCMP/DREN/drenexe3.htm
DTMF
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency. These are the tones that phones use for the keypad.
DUT
Device Under Test.
Extended Integrated Drive Electronics. An improved version of AT Attachment, with faster data rates, 32-bit transactions, and (in some drives) DMA. EIDE was coined by Western Digital around 1994, and the standard is also referred to as "Fast ATA-2", based on its ANSI designation.
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning
Excel
Spreadsheet software from Microsoft. Stand-alone or part of MS Office.
Fiber Distributed Data Interface. A ring topology using dual fiber connection. 100 Mbs data rate.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. This is used for actually moving programs or other computer files from one computer to another over the Internet. FTP is used for Netscape file transfers. You can also use it from a UNIX machine in the command mode, or a DOS machine with NFS loaded.
http://www.nis.net/nisnew/ftp.htm
Avoid the Incurable Geico Virus, Geico's web site run's programs on any computer you visit geico.com from without the visitor knowing. The do this with scripts. Geico.com does not work if you disable scripts in your browser.
This is a base 16 numbering system. Since we only have 0 to 9 to represent numbers, we use the letters A to F to give us 16 possible numbers in a signal digit. The count is: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F. Just like with all numbering systems when you get to the highest possible number, you must carry over the digit. For example: E, F, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D etc....
Hexadecimal is used in the network for hardware addressing. This is also known as Ethernet addresses or MAC addresses. Hexadecimal or hex as it is normally called is used by programmers more than anyone else.
http://osprey.unf.edu/faculty/tlsmith/cgs2060/numbers.htm
HTTP
Hyper Text Transport Protocol. This is the protocol for moving hyper text over the Internet. Most commonly used with a Web Browser such as Netscape. To view the OC's Computer Consulting home page, you would type:
http://www.utirc.utoronto.ca/HTTPdocs/intro.htm
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language. This is the language used to present pages for the World Wide Web (WWW). HTML allows for different fonts, graphics, and links. See TR19 on the AFNCC training Page.
http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/MarkUp/
ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol. Used for monitoring and troubleshooting networks. PING is an ICMP echo.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc792.htm
IDE
Integrated Drive Electronics. (IDE) A disk interface standard based on the IBM PC ISA 16-bit bus but also used on other personal computers. The IDE specification deals with the power and data signal interfaces between the motherboard and the integrated disk controller and drive. The IDE "bus" only supports two devices - master and slave.
IDE drives may in fact use any physical interface the manufacturer desires, so long as an embedded translator is included with the proper IDE interface. IDE "controllers" are actually direct connections to the ISA bus.
The IDE interface was invented by Compaq around 1986, and was developed with the help of Western Digital, Imprimis, and then-upstart Conner Peripherals. Efforts to codify the interface specification started in 1988; the first draft appeared in March 1989, and a finished version was sent to ANSI (who call it Advanced Technology Attachment) for ratification in November 1990.
IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a group of more than 300,000 professional and student electrical/computer engineers from more than 150 countries. IEEE was founded in 1884 and is the largest professional association in the world. It is the best source of electrotechnology publications in the world and accounts for more than 30 percent of the total publications. At the local level, we are an organization of about 200 members. We have at least one plant tour a semester and regular meetings once a month. During the meetings, we have companies or distinguished speakers do presentations for our group. We also have social activities such as a barbecue and volleyball.
IETF
The Internet Engineering Task Force
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1391.htm
Intel
The company the makes chips such as the 80386, 486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, and the Celeron family.
Internet
This is a world-wide network. The best way look at Internet for the beginner is a wire. Think of Internet as a real long wire that runs all around the world. Anyone with access to the wire can send information to anyone else whom has access to the wire (Internet). There are no real services provided on Internet, only the connection to what you want to connect to. Don't confuse with an internet.
http://www.dsu.edu/internet/internet.htm
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1206.htm
Internet Explorer
A browser from Microsoft. Sometimes called MSIE.
Internet Protocols
Any protocols that are officially recognized.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc2200.htm
IP
Internet Protocol. Part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols that include TCP, UDP, FTP, HTTP, IP, ICMP, and so on....
IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6. Expanded IP addressing from 32 bit to 128 bit.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1883.htm
IPX
Internetwork Packet eXchange. Basically a Novell version of IP. See Novell for more information.
ISA
Industry Standard Architecture. 16 Bit PC adapter that was originally developed for the IBM PC/AT, but is now on most PCs today.
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network. A digital connection from the telephone switch directly to the user. Basic Rate is two 64KBs channels and one 16KBs channel and is referred to as 2B+D. The two 64KBs channels are called "B Channels" and the 16KBs channel is called the "D Channel". Primary Rate is 23 B channels and one D channel (23B+D).
http://www.mathcs.carleton.edu/students/fossk/ISDN/technical.htm
http://www.pacbell.com/products/business/fastrak/networking/isdn/info/isdn-guide/index.htm
This is an object oriented programming language for Internet.
http://www.dundee.ac.uk/itservices/javatutor/index.htm
Key Encryption Algorithm
Local Area Network. Usually involves an area such as a building.
LED
Light Emitting Diode
Libre Office
LibreOffice is the power-packed free, libre and open source personal productivity suite for Windows, Macintosh and GNU/Linux, that gives you six feature-rich applications for all your document production and data processing needs: Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw, Math and Base. Support and documentation is free from our large, dedicated community of users, contributors and developers. You, too, can get involved!
Metropolitan Area Network. Usually covers an area like a city.
Machine Language
This is the native language of any computer; or maybe better stated, the native language of the processor. This is nothing more than zeros or ones in any given register in the processor. Each microprocessor or processor has it's own instruction set. Processors you have probably heard about are the 486 and Pentium. But there are other processor that use an entirely different instructions set. Such as the processor's used in UNIX machines.
MCSE
Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer. You must pass take four core tests and two elective tests from Microsoft to get this certification.
http://www.microsoft.com/Train_Cert
Memory
These are usually chips in the computer that store data while your computer is using it.
MDI
Medium Dependent Interface/MDI Crossover
MDI-X
MDI Crossover
MIB
Management Information Base. For Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Microprocessor
The Central Processing Unit (CPU).
http://einstein.et.tudelft.nl/~offerman/chiplist.htm#cpu
Milnet
This is a lot like Internet. Look at it as a wire to all the military installations in the world. Milnet is also connect to Internet (more on this later).
Motif
A set of rules developed by Open Software Foundation (OSF) for the user interface for x-windows systems or Graphical User Interface (GUI). Sometimes called OSF/Motif.
http://www.osf.org/motif/Motif20/XJournal.htm#rRTFToC1
MS DOS
Microsoft Disk Operating System. Usually just called DOS.
http://www.microsoft.com/support/products/windows95/MSDOS.htm
Network-attached storage
NAT
IP Network Address Translator
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1631.htm
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc2663.htm
NetBEUI
NetBIOS (from IBM) Extended User Interface (NetBEUI), is a peer to peer, transport layer, non-routable protocol designed specifically for Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, and Windows NT. This is a fast protocol designed for very local (small network) use only. NetBEUI was never designed for large networks! Non-routable simply means it can't be routed through any routers. NetBEUI can be bridged. NetBEUI is for the most part compatible with NetBIOS. NetBEUI comes as part of the Windows 95 package.
http://www.corp-reflection.com/pub/peer
http://ded-2-nt.nosc.mil/FAQ/NetBeui/NetBeui.htp
Netscape Navigator
Web browser program created by the company Netscape.
Network
All devices that are connected together and can pass information from one to the other. Example: Internet, The telephone system, and cable TV to name a few. The most common use of the term now is computer network.
Network PC
A PC design by Microsoft, PC manufactures, and hardware makers to run almost any software you can run on a PC. The unit it totally sealed. There are no extra boards. The idea is to have everything centrally and remotely controlled.
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/platform/info/netpcmb.htm#intro
NFS
Network File System. Actually NFS, RPC, XDR, and some other protocols are a part of a larger architecture called ONC (Open Network Computing). This gives your computer the ability to use hard drives on other systems as if they were on your own computer.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1094.htm
NIC
Network Information Center. This is where you can find who owns what addresses. When you execute a whois command, this is where you are looking for the information. The NIC for internet is rs.internic.net and for Milnet, it is nic.ddn.mil
NIC
Network Interface Card. The network card that goes into a computer to allow it to talk on a network.
NIPRNET
(Unclassified (but Sensitive) Internet Protocol Routing NETwork). Also see SIPRNET.
NOC
Network Operations Center.
NOS
Network Operating System. This has to do with the file distribution system such as NFS, Banyan Vines, or Window NT.
Novell
A networking company. Know for their IPX/SPX protocols.
http://www.odyssea.com/whats_new/tcpipnet/tcpipnet.htm
Base 8 numbering systems. Count is: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11...
Octet
This is a number that has eight bits. Used almost synonymously with byte, which is also eight bits. To represent a binary 01000000, you would use the Octet: 128. That's another way of saying an octet is an eight digit binary number usually represented in decimal (base 10). So this means you can have between: 00000000 to 11111111 or to look at it in decimal you would have: 0 to 255.
When talking about programming of any kind the octet (eight binary bits) are called a byte. A byte can be represented in the form of binary, decimal, octal, or hexadecimal. In binary form this would range from: 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, 000 to 777 in octal, 0 to 255 in decimal or 00 to FF in hexadecimal.
The count is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 etc....
ONC
Open Network Computing. Founded by Sun. Includes NFS, RPC, XDR and others.
Open Office
A free easy to use real good software, a word processor, spreadsheet, web page editor, like frontpage and a lot more.
OS
Operating System. Operating systems include: DOS, Windows NT, Windows 95, and UNIX to name a few.
http://intertain.com/store/new-browse/Computers__Operating_Systems.htm
OS/2
An operating system from IBM.
http://www.mit.edu:8001/activities/os2/os2world.htm
OSF
Open Software Foundation.
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection: a seven-layer reference model developed by ISO as a framework for the development of standards for interconnecting heterogeneous computers.
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First. This is a routing Protocol.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc2328.htm
Outlook
E-Mail software from Microsoft. Part of MS Office.
Outlook Express
Outlook Express is a POP3 E-Mail program from Microsoft. Packaged with Internet Explorer.
Personal Computer. Generally speaking, people say PC when they mean a DOS type of machine; 286, 386, 486 or Pentium.
PCB
Printed Circuit Board.
PCI
Personal Computer Interface. A 32 bit interface for the PC. Faster than the 16 bit ISA.
PHP
Is web page programming. PHP is server side scripting, which makes it safe scripts for web browsers.
Plug 'N' Play
These are devices that automatically identify themselves to the operating system so that they can be installed very easily. Windows 95, and 98 are Plug 'N' Play operating systems. This means that if you put a new card into the computer, your computer will find it and set most everything up automatically.
POP3
Post Office Protocol version 3. A system of getting messages from a server to a host. POP, POP2, and POP3 are similar, but not interchangeable.
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/LANs/mail-protocols/faq.htm
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1939.htm
POST
Power On Self Test. This is what you see the computer doing right after you turn it on. Such as checking memory, keyboard, hard drives, and such.
Power Point
Slide show presentation software package from Microsoft. Part of MS Office.
PPP
Point to Point Protocol. This allows user to dial into server to make a TCP/IP connection.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1661.htm
PPP Compression
Point to Point Protocol Compression.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1962.htm
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. This is used to find an IP address.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc903.htm
RFC
Request For Comments. A list of Internet standards or proposed standards mostly. RFCs are numbered. RFCs are never updated so there is never a reason to believe you don't have the latest version. RFCs are replaced from time to time, but if this happens, a new number will be given to it.
RIP
Routing Information Protocol.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1723.htm
RPC
Remote Procedure Call. Sometimes called Sun RPC. This is used to make NFS work on different Network Operating Systems as well as different platforms.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1057.htm
RSVP
Resource ReSerVation Protocol.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc2205.htm
RTP
Real-Time Transport Protocol.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1889.htm
RTCP
Real-Time Transport Control Protocol.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1889.htm
Small Computer Systems Interface. This can be a connection for a hard drive in a PC or you could have an IDE type hard drive.
Search Engine
A program that runs on Internet that allows user to search for just about anything. Search engines are run from browsers. Some search engines: Yahoo, Lycos, Savvy, and WebCrawler to name only a few.
http://cage.cs.colostate.edu:1969/form
http://www.yahoo.com/search.htm
http://ycos-tmp1.psc.edu/lycos-form.htm?
SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language. SGML is an international standard for electronic document exchange. SGML is the basis of the highly popular HTML Internet standard (HyperText Markup Language) which, together with URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) and HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), is one of the foundations of the World Wide Web initiative (also known as Web).
http://www.brainlink.com/~ben/sgml/basic.htm
http://www.brainlink.com/~ben/sgml/
SIM card
Subscriber Identification Module
SIMMS
Single Inline Memory Modules. These are older 30 pin memory chips.
SIPRNET
Secret IP Router Network (SIPRNET) provides secret-level network connectivity for all DOD agencies. The primary method for secret-level network connectivity is via Base secret-level networks which in turn provide Base Router connectivity to SIPRNET. Where existing Air Force secret-level network resources are not locally available, requests for SIPRNET connectivity should be processed through your MAJCOM Defense Information System Network (DISN) point of contact.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc821.htm
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc2570.htm
SOAP
Simple Object Access Protocol
http://www.microsoft.com/mind/0100/soap/soap.asp
SOPA
Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)
SPARC
A trademark of Sparc. If something is Sparc compliant, they may give it there official stamp of approval. Such as the Sun Sparc 690 (professor).
SPX
Sequenced Packet Exchange protocol from Novell. A transport layer protocol. See Novell for more details.
SQL
Structured Query Language. ANSI/ISO standard database access language. Oracle is 100% compliant with SQL.
http://waltz.ncsl.nist.gov/~len/sql_info.htm
http://www.jcc.com/sql_stnd.htm
SUN
Actually Sun Microsystems. A company that makes computers and software. Sparc 690, Sparc 2, Sparc 5, Sparc 10, and Sparc 20 to name a few. They also own PC-NFS.
http://pennsun.essc.psu.edu/customerweb
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
TDP
Tag Distribution Protocol
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc2105.htm
Telnet
A Terminal Session with a host from a client.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc854.htm
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol. Can be used to boot up systems from a network.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1350.htm
User Datagram Protocol.
http://www.whatis.com/udp.htm
UNIX
This is an operating system that runs on several machines.
http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/Unixhelp/TOP_.htm
http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/unix.htm
USB
Universal Serial Bus. This interface, like many of its predecessors (SCSI, ISA, EISA, PCI..) is an interface for your computer to talk to your devices. Unlike other interfaces, you will not be very limited to the types of devices on this interface. You may have up to 127 items plugged into this on a single computer. This also a "Hot Swap-able" interface. This can work with modems, mice, monitors, printers, network cards.
http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/presents/winhec98/winhec3-4/sld002.htm
Avoid the Incurable Verizon Virus, Verizon's web site run's programs on your computer without your knowledge or approval. Every time you visit verizon.com verizon runs programs. Verizon says they do not run programs on your computer. This is done with scripts. I suggest everyone disable scripts and activex in your browser.
Vines
Banyan Systems developed VINES as a network for personal computers. Based on UNIX System 5.3, VINES uses a distributed system environment wherein PC users easily communicate and share hardware (such as printers, disk space, and modems) and software (such as files and applications) transparently on a network. Sometimes called "Banyan Vines".
http://support.baynetworks.com/Library/Router/10_html/vines/2948A-3.htm
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc2643.htm
World Wide Web Consortium
WAN
Wide Area Network. Usually means it covers a large area, such as an enterprise network that stretches cross country or around the globe.
Windows
Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows 98, Windows CE, Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows for Work Groups, Windows 3.1, are all Microsoft operating systems. Not to be confused with x-window systems.
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/software.htm
Windows 95
A 32 bit operating system that runs older versions of DOS software and older Windows software. Most of the base uses Windows 95 on their desktops.
http://www.microsoft.com/windows95/default.asp
Windows 95 utilities
http://www.microsoft.com/msdownload/ieplatform/iewin95.htm
Windows 98
An upgrade to windows 95. Offers more usable disk space and faster shutdown.
Windows CE
A portable, 32 bit operating system that looks much like Windows 95. It is made for use in pocket or hand held devices. Windows CE will not be available for PCs, but will be available to manufactures of portable devices. The "CE" in Windows CE is for "Consumer Electronics". Devices that have Windows CE already have the operating system 'burned in' to the device.
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsce/about.htm
Windows ME
Windows ME (Millennium Edition). A 32 bit replacement (operating system) aimed at the home user. This operating system is a replacement for Windows 95 and Windows 98.
http://www.microsoft.net/windowsme/
Windows NT
An operating system licensed by Microsoft to other venders such as Digital. The NT is for "New Technology".
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/software.htm
WINS
Windows Internet Name Service (WINS). A Name Server that registers your NetBIOS names and resolves into IP addresses.
http://www.savilltech.com/ntfaq/wins.htm
http://www.whatis.com/wins.htm
WYSIWYG
What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG). This means you are actually seeing as you create, what your finished product will look like. For example, some word processors have control characters such as dot (.) commands. These commands are seen in the editor, but not on the finished product. In this case you don't have a WYSIWYG program. In the case of Word for example, you actually see different fonts and styles as you set them. That makes Word a WYSIWYG program.
Word
Word processor from Microsoft. Stand-alone or part of MS Office.
X-Windows
A graphical interface for UNIX. There are programs out there that will let you run X-Windows from a DOS machine, but you still must connect to a machine that supports X-Windows (such as UNIX). This is sort like a Windows environment.
X.25
A packet transmission protocol which defines the procedures for exchanging data between a user device, usually called data terminal equipment(DTE), and a network node, the so-called data circuit-terminating equipment(DCE). That means DCE is the network's interface to the user DTE. DTE can be a computer, a terminal or a work station.
http://bugs.wpi.edu:8080/EE535/hwk9cd95/harveywl/c0.htm#0
X.400
Standard for Electron Mail (E-Mail). Messaging service.
http://csrc.nist.gov/nistpubs/800-7/node205.htm
X.500Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Directory Service.
People often ask whether there is a "white pages" for the Internet--a directory of people, computers, services, and of course electronic mail addresses. Some attempts at such a directory are available at your local bookstore, but given the Internet's rapid rate of growth, these hardcopy references become out of date inevitably and rapidly. What is needed is an on-line directory: a single, global source of information that is updated constantly.
The X.500 standard is now being used to implement such a service. The X.500 Directory has evolved slowly but steadily over the past several years, and while it hasn't quite caught fire, it has grown enough to be quite useful, and still has no serious competition. The Directory is organized hierarchically: international organizations and countries are at the top; countries are subdivided into states or provinces, which in turn are subdivided in various ways. Organizations such as UTHSCSA maintain the information in their own portions of the directory tree. People at UTHSCSA can find their entries by "walking" the tree from the root as follows:
Country = United States of America
State = Texas
Organization = University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
OrgUnit = Your Department
Name = Your Name
http://csrc.nist.gov/nistpubs/800-7/node242.htm
XDR
External Data Representation. Part of Sun's ONC.
XML
Extensible Markup Language
http://www.gca.org/whats_xml/default.htm
Other dictionaries and glossaries.
http://occcsa.com/rfc/rfc1208.htm
http://www.matisse.net/files/glossary.htm
http://www.neuro.fsu.edu/diction.htm